![]() But it also exemplifies how significant elements of early modern Spanish asceticism were transmitted and transcribed in word and picture from Madrid and Antwerp to the Paraguay missions. The Guaraní edition shows how printing at the reductions both adopted and adapted the text and its engravings for catechetical practices. 6 This article seeks to examine the cultural significance of Nieremberg’s treatise through the medium of printing, and why it came to be printed at the reductions. ![]() 5 Calatayud praised the treatise for its efficacy in “treating” and “healing” the Christian conscience. 4 In 1754, the Jesuit mission priest Pedro de Calatayud (1689–1773) continued to recommend that priests and itinerant preachers in the Spanish countryside read De la diferencia as a way to prepare their homilies and lessons. 3 Because it incorporated both visual and oral methods of communication within the text, Jesuit preachers and missionaries found the treatise a valuable resource for sermons and catechetical instruction in Spain, and later in the reductions. The text was reproduced in at least fifty-four editions in Spanish, and was translated into several European languages in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Originally published in Madrid in 1640 and first illustrated in Antwerp in 1684, the Spanish version became a bestseller of religious and devotional literature in Spain. 2 It remains an exquisite example of a text that not only was the first to be printed in the Guaraní language, but was printed at the Jesuit reductions of Paraguay by Guaraní craftsmen, who also created several copper-plate engravings for its illustration. 1 In 1705, it became the third book to be produced on the first printing press in the Río de la Plata region. ![]() ![]() The ascetical treatise De la diferencia entre lo temporal y eterno by the Spanish Jesuit Juan Eusebio Nieremberg (1595–1658) holds a prominent place in the history of printing in Latin America. ![]()
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